User:Joe Quick/sandbox: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Joe Quick
No edit summary
 
(49 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{AccountNotLive}}
{{PD-text|article|Joe Quick}}
{{PD-text|article}}
<references />
==Resources==
==Resources==
For [[Tecum Umam]] --  
For [[Tecum Umam]] --  
*http://www.popolvuh.ufm.edu.gt/AkkerenTU.pdf
*http://www.masksoftheworld.com/Guatemala/Guatemalan%20Tecun%20Uman%20Mask.htm
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tec%C3%BAn_Um%C3%A1n.JPG
*http://www.colonialarts.com/product.php?id=2201
*http://www.canalwelcomecenter.org/ARTISTASLOCALES.asp
*http://www.mayan-treasures.com/wood_masks.htm
 
==Notes to myself about article development==
*Send note to Marco Palma when [[Tecum Umam]] reaches "developed article" stage.
 
===Maya peoples===
''Moved from category:'' For the purposes of this list, '''"Maya Peoples"''' designates groups that share the Maya [[macroculture]] of southern [[Mesoamerica]], which encompasses the pre-Hispanic cultures extending from the [[Yucatan]] Peninsula in present day Mexico south to present day [[Honduras]] and [[El Salvador]] as well as several dozen modern ethnic groups in the same region "who speak diverse historically related languages and share distinctive culture and cosmology."<ref>Warren, Kay B. 1998. Pan-Mayanism and Multiculturalism in Guatemala.  Electronic document, http://dkc.jhu.edu/~scholz/Iprints/warren.htm, accessed January 20, 2007.</ref>
 
 
 




----


==Destination: [[Ethnic group]]==
==Destination: [[Ethnic group]]==
Line 24: Line 39:
Traditional Maya religious custom, or ''[[costumbre]]'', is a [[Syncretism|syncretic]] conglomeration of pre-Columbian traditions and [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]. It combines devotion to the Catholic saints and celebrations of the Catholic festivals with traditional dances and elaborate ceremonies conducted at ceremonial sites that are scattered throughout the surrounding mountains.
Traditional Maya religious custom, or ''[[costumbre]]'', is a [[Syncretism|syncretic]] conglomeration of pre-Columbian traditions and [[Roman Catholicism|Catholicism]]. It combines devotion to the Catholic saints and celebrations of the Catholic festivals with traditional dances and elaborate ceremonies conducted at ceremonial sites that are scattered throughout the surrounding mountains.


[[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestantism]] has become increasingly strong since its arrival in the region in the 1970s.
[[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestantism]] has become increasingly strong since its arrival in the region in the 1970s.[http://www.amazon.com/Politics-Spirit-Political-Implications-Pentecostalized/dp/0739104462/ref=sr_1_1/002-0550295-5778457?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1176438501&sr=8-1]




Line 30: Line 45:




==Destination:[[Tecum Umam]]==
==Destination: [[Maya costumbre]]==
'''Tecum Umam''' (or '''Tecun Uman''') was a legendary figure of [[Guatemala]]n and [[K'iche']] history.  Raised to the status of a national hero of Guatemala, celebrated by poets and invoked in ritual and festival contexts throughout the highlands, Tecum Umam is known as the defender of the K'iche' people because of his role in the indigenous military resistance to the Spanish conquest of his homeland.
'''Maya costumbre''' refers to the [[syncretic]] religios practices of post-colonial [[Maya peoples]].  The term is necessarily imprecise because there are some 30(?) distinct modern Maya [[ethnic group]]s spread over a region that encompasses parts of five countries and a number of different ecological zones. Needless to say, religious practices vary widely, but a number of prominent themes and a shared heritage are held in common by most or all of the many local variations of costumbre.
 
What we know about Tecum Umam comes from a handful of indigenous and Spanish sources that have surfaced over the years.
 
===The legend===
The legend of Tecum Umam tells us that he commanded the thousands of K'iche' warriors who met the army of invading Spanish and indigenous warriors under [[Pedro de Alvarado]] on the plains of El Pinar in February of 1524.  In the midst of the fray, Tecum Umam and Alvarado met face to face, each with weapon in hand.
 
===Tecum Umam's Legacy===
[[Image:Tecun_Uman_statue-Guatemala_City.jpg |left|thumb|200 px|Tecum Umam statue in Guatemala City]]
====National Hero====
Tecum Umam was declared a National Hero of Guatemalan on March 22, 1960 and is the only figure to have earned that title.  He is celebrated annually on February 20 and is memorialized by prominent statues in [[Guatemala City]] and [[Quetzaltenango]].
 
*Asturias poem
 
[[Image:Half_quetzal_bill_%28guatemala%29.jpg|thumb|284 px|The Q 0.50 bill.]]
A bust of the K'iche' hero is also featured on front of Guatemala's 0.50 Quetzal bill.  To the left of Tecum Umam is the [[Resplendent Quetzal]] for which the currency is named.  This is the national bird of Guatemala as well as the spiritual companion, or [[nagual]] of Tecum Umam.  The bird's bright red chest and the elegant tail feathers are both significant in the legend outlined above.
 
Tecum Umam's presence on this bill is notable because it places him in the company of some of the most important figures in Guatemalan history.  He joins the ranks of other national heroes that are featured on Guatemala's currency, among whom are [[Justo Rufino Barrios]], a military leader in his own right and an early president of Guatemala; [[Mariano Gálvez]], chief of state of Guatemala from 1831 until 1838; and [[Francisco Marroquín]], an early defender of the rights of indigenous peoples against Alvarado's governance.
 
====Kíche' Hero====
*Baile de la conquista
*Images present in ritual context (San Simón's room, etc.)
 
===Did he exist?===
Tecum Umam's status as either a man or a myth is a topic of lengthy and ongoing discussion.  Historical research has demonstrated with some degree of surety that the man celebrated as a national hero of Guatemala probably did not exist quite as he is presented in the legend outlined above, but there is also strong evidence to suggest that this character was not simply dreamed up.<ref name="Akkeren 2004">Ruud W. van Akkeren. 2004. [http://www.popolvuh.ufm.edu.gt/AkkerenTU.pdf Tecum Umam: ¿Personaje Mítico o Histórico?] Paper presented at Ciclo de Conferencias 2004, Museo Popul Vuh, Universidad Francisco Marroquín</ref>
 
One piece of evidence comes from Alvarado himself in a letter written to [[Hernán Cortés]].


====U b'i Tecum Umam - Tecum Umam's name====
*Mesoamerican heritage
"Tecum Umam" was almost certainly not the proper name of the fallen K'iche' lord who Alvarado mentioned in his letter to Cortes, though it may have functioned as a sort of title. Ruud W. van Akkeren<ref name="Akkeren 2004" /> provides several insights on this topic.
**Olmec through post-classic Maya
**Themes, practices, ideas, cosmology
**Quincunx
***Four directions
***Four colors
*Iberian Heritage
**Cults to saints trace back to spain
***cargos (?)
*Fusion - saints, cofradias, etc.
**Conversion of the saints
***Carlsen and Prechtel. 1991. The Flowering of the Dead. Man 26(1):23-42.
***Clendinnen. Ambivalent Conquests.
*Outline by region (Do we need to do this?  Very helpful to know differences but extremely wor-intesive proposition.)
**Yucatán
**Lacandon Jungle (?)
**Highland Chiapas
**Western Highlands, Guatemala
**Eastern Guatemala
**Pacific Coast (?)
**Belize (?)
**Others?
*Modern influences
**Pan-Maya Movement
**Catholic Action
**Evangelical Protestantism
**Others

Latest revision as of 03:05, 22 November 2023


The account of this former contributor was not re-activated after the server upgrade of March 2022.


Notice: Portions of this article are sourced from article, a work by Joe Quick that is now in the public domain because its copyright has expired.
Notice: Portions of this article are sourced from article, a work that is now in the public domain because its copyright has expired.


Resources

For Tecum Umam --

Notes to myself about article development

  • Send note to Marco Palma when Tecum Umam reaches "developed article" stage.

Maya peoples

Moved from category: For the purposes of this list, "Maya Peoples" designates groups that share the Maya macroculture of southern Mesoamerica, which encompasses the pre-Hispanic cultures extending from the Yucatan Peninsula in present day Mexico south to present day Honduras and El Salvador as well as several dozen modern ethnic groups in the same region "who speak diverse historically related languages and share distinctive culture and cosmology."[1]




Destination: Ethnic group

Barth



Destination: K'iche'

Colonial Period

The K'iche' first made contact with the Spanish conquistadors in 1523, with the arrival of an expeditionary force led by Pedro de Alvarado.

Early Republican Period

Religion

Traditional Maya religious custom, or costumbre, is a syncretic conglomeration of pre-Columbian traditions and Catholicism. It combines devotion to the Catholic saints and celebrations of the Catholic festivals with traditional dances and elaborate ceremonies conducted at ceremonial sites that are scattered throughout the surrounding mountains.

Evangelical Protestantism has become increasingly strong since its arrival in the region in the 1970s.[1]




Destination: Maya costumbre

Maya costumbre refers to the syncretic religios practices of post-colonial Maya peoples. The term is necessarily imprecise because there are some 30(?) distinct modern Maya ethnic groups spread over a region that encompasses parts of five countries and a number of different ecological zones. Needless to say, religious practices vary widely, but a number of prominent themes and a shared heritage are held in common by most or all of the many local variations of costumbre.

  • Mesoamerican heritage
    • Olmec through post-classic Maya
    • Themes, practices, ideas, cosmology
    • Quincunx
      • Four directions
      • Four colors
  • Iberian Heritage
    • Cults to saints trace back to spain
      • cargos (?)
  • Fusion - saints, cofradias, etc.
    • Conversion of the saints
      • Carlsen and Prechtel. 1991. The Flowering of the Dead. Man 26(1):23-42.
      • Clendinnen. Ambivalent Conquests.
  • Outline by region (Do we need to do this? Very helpful to know differences but extremely wor-intesive proposition.)
    • Yucatán
    • Lacandon Jungle (?)
    • Highland Chiapas
    • Western Highlands, Guatemala
    • Eastern Guatemala
    • Pacific Coast (?)
    • Belize (?)
    • Others?
  • Modern influences
    • Pan-Maya Movement
    • Catholic Action
    • Evangelical Protestantism
    • Others
  1. Warren, Kay B. 1998. Pan-Mayanism and Multiculturalism in Guatemala. Electronic document, http://dkc.jhu.edu/~scholz/Iprints/warren.htm, accessed January 20, 2007.